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Go API Testing

Testing an API

Go API testing with httptest validates REST endpoints.

Introduction to httptest

The httptest package in Go is a powerful tool for testing HTTP applications. It allows developers to create mock HTTP requests and record responses, facilitating the testing of RESTful endpoints efficiently.

Setting Up Your Test Environment

Before diving into testing, ensure you have your Go environment set up correctly. You should have a basic understanding of how Go modules work, and have Go installed on your machine.

Here is how you can set up your test environment:

  • Initialize a Go module using go mod init .
  • Create a file for your tests, typically named api_test.go.

Writing Your First Test Case

To start writing a test case, you'll need to use the httptest.NewRecorder and httptest.NewRequest methods. These allow you to simulate HTTP requests and capture the responses.

Understanding the Code

The above code demonstrates a simple test for an HTTP handler. Here's a breakdown of the key components:

  • httptest.NewRequest: Creates a new HTTP request. In this case, a GET request to the /hello endpoint.
  • httptest.NewRecorder: Captures the response from the handler.
  • handler.ServeHTTP: Calls the handler with the request and recorder.
  • Assertions: Verify that the response status code and body are what you expect.

Expanding Your Tests

To thoroughly test your API, consider creating tests for different scenarios, such as:

  • Different HTTP methods (GET, POST, DELETE, etc.).
  • Handling of invalid or malformed requests.
  • Authentication and authorization checks.
  • Boundary cases and error handling.

Using table-driven tests can help streamline the process when you have multiple test cases to run against the same endpoint.

Examples

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